Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used by the orbital surgeon to aid
in the diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of orbital disease. MRI provides
superior soft tissue detail compared with computed tomography or ultrasound, and advancing
techniques enhance its ability to highlight abnormal orbital pathology. Diffusion-weighted
imaging is a specialized technique that uses water molecule diffusion patterns in
tissue to generate contrast signals and can help distinguish malignant from benign
lesions. Steady-state free precession sequences such as Constructive Interference
in Steady-State (CISS) and Fast Imaging Employing Steady-state Acquisition (FIESTA)
generate highly detailed, 3-dimensional reconstructed images and are particularly
useful in distinguishing structures adjacent to cerebral spinal fluid. Magnetic resonance
angiography can be used to characterize vascular lesions within the orbit. New developments
in magnetic field strength as well as the use of orbital surface coils achieve increasingly
improved imaging resolution.
Résumé
Les spécialistes de la chirurgie orbitaire ont de plus en plus souvent recours à l'imagerie
par résonance magnétique (IRM) pour faciliter le diagnostic, la planification chirurgicale
et la surveillance des atteintes orbitaires. Comparativement à la tomodensitométrie
ou à l’échographie, l'IRM permet de mieux visualiser les détails des tissus mous,
sans compter que les progrès technologiques améliorent sa capacité à mettre en relief
les anomalies orbitaires. L'IRM de diffusion est une technique spécialisée qui fait
appel à la diffusion de molécules d'eau pour générer un contraste dans les images
IRM qui permet ainsi de distinguer les tumeurs cancéreuses des lésions bénignes. Les
séquences de précession libre à l'état stable, notamment l'interférence constructive
à l’état stable (CISS) et les séquences en écho de gradient à l'état d'équilibre (FIESTA®)
permettent la reconstruction d'images tridimensionnelles très détaillées qui sont
particulièrement utiles lorsque vient le temps de visualiser les structures adjacentes
au liquide céphalorachidien. L'angiographie par résonance magnétique peut servir à
visualiser les lésions vasculaires à l'intérieur de l'orbite. On arrive à obtenir
des images dont la résolution est de plus en plus élevée grâce aux progrès de l'intensité
du champ magnétique et à l'utilisation de bobines de surface orbitaires.
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Article Info
Publication History
Published online: May 28, 2021
Accepted:
April 28,
2021
Received in revised form:
March 16,
2021
Received:
November 19,
2020
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
