Correspondence
Convergence spasm with horizontal nystagmus in anti-GAD65 antibody syndrome
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) autoantibody syndrome produces symptoms and signs related to loss of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid. Patients with GAD antibody may present with hyperexcitability disorders, including stiff-person syndrome, limbic encephalitis, and nystagmus. There has been only one previous report of convergence spasm in a patient with GAD antibody. Here we present a case of convergence spasm and, to our knowledge, the first case in the English-language ophthalmic literature to have concomitant horizontal nystagmus, in a patient with anti-GAD65 antibody syndrome.Bilateral disc edema in hypertensive emergency
Bilateral optic disc edema can be a result of several etiologies and deserves a thorough work-up. Neuroimaging and laboratory studies should be performed to rule out neoplastic, vascular, infectious, ischemic, or inflammatory etiologies, and a lumbar puncture (LP) should be performed to measure intracranial pressure (ICP) if necessary after performing the appropriate imaging studies. Patients with papilledema should be evaluated for alternative causes of increased ICP. We present the case of a patient who presented with bilateral optic disc edema and was found to have increased ICP.
